The graphene is a substance which has a single-layer crystal lattice of
carbon atoms, which is unusual since it is different from all of the
materials of its kind. Several researchers have identified a way of
making this substance, which allows them to use it in various fields and
especially for the high-speed electronic devices.
Graphene Definition:
Graphene is defined as a one atom thin sheet of
carbon atoms arranged in a Hexagonal format or a flat monolayer of
carbon atoms that are tightly packed into a 2D honeycomb lattice.
History:
In October 2010, two University of Manchester (U.K.)
scientists, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novolselov, were awarded the 2010
Nobel Prize in physics for their research on graphene. Graphene is a
one-atom-thick sheet of carbon whose strength, flexibility, and
electrical conductivity have opened up new horizons for high-energy
particle physics research and electronic, optical, and energy
applications.
Graphene properties:
Graphene oxide, a single-atomic-layered material made
by reacting graphite powders with strong oxidizing agents, has the
ability to easily convert into graphene a low-cost carbon-based
transparent and flexible electronics.
Graphene Oxide:
Graphene oxide has been known in the scientific world
for more than a century and was largely described as hydrophilic, or
attracted to water. These graphene oxide sheets behave like surfactants,
the chemicals in soap and shampoo that make stains disperse in water.
Mechanical Properties:
Young’s Modulus:
1.
Graphene sheets stack to form graphite with an interplanar spacing of
0.335 nm, which means that a stack of 3 million sheets would be only one
millimeter thick.
2.
Graphene is a Zero Gap Semiconductor. So it has a high electron mobility
at room temperature. It’s a Superconductor. Electron transfer is 100
times faster then Silicon.
3. Graphene has a record breaking strength of 200 times greater than steel, with a tensile strength of 130GPa.
4.
Graphene can be used to create circuits that are almost superconducting,
potentially speeding electronic components by as much as 1000 times.
5. Graphene electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries could reduce recharge times from two hours to about 10 minutes.
Graphene Production:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) are two other potential routes to Graphene growth.
Applications:
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New devices like Touch screens, Micro Displays and Monitors
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Chip Making, Circuit Designs
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Solar cells
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Micro Fuel Cells
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Air Bag Deployment Systems and Gyroscopes in Car Electronic Stability Control
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Pressure Sensors, Micro Tips & probes
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